Brief History of Indian Notes and Its Categories

Currency notes in India have evolved in a big way right from the Early Indian notes issued by the East India company to the modern notes of India that were issued after independence. Let’s take a look at the brief History of Indian Notes today.

Major Categories
Currency notes of India can be classified into four major groups namely, early banknotes of India issued for Bengal Presidency, Bombay Presidency and Madras presidency; notes of India issued during the British regime; Princely state issues of Hyderabad, Notes issued by other colonial powers like Portuguese and French and finally the modern notes of India that were issued after independence.

Early Banknotes
The Bank of Hindostan was operational from 1770 to 1832. The General Bank in Bengal and Bahar was established by Warren Hastings in 1773. These banks issued Early Indian notes until 1775. The Bengal Bank was established in 1784 and was operational till 1791.

British India Notes
British India notes can be further classified into four categories namely, Portrait Note of Queen Victoria, Uniface Notes of Government of India, King George V issues and King George VI issues. Rare notes of India featuring a portrait of Queen Victoria were issued in different denominations such as 10 Rupees, 20 Rupees, 50 Rupees, 100 Rupees, 500 Rupees and 1000 Rupees.

Princely State Issues
Osmania notes of Hyderabad were the only princely state issues that were circulated within the Indian subcontinent. These beautiful old notes of India featured intricate designs and Persian texts. They were issued in denominations such as 1 Rupee, 5 Rupees, 10 Rupees, 100 Rupees and 1000 Rupees.

Colonial Notes
Colonial notes of India issued by the Portuguese bore denominations such as Rupias, Tangas and Escudos. They were mainly green in colour with maroon designs and lettering. Rare notes of India issued during the French regime bore denominations such as 1 Roupie, 5 Roupies, 10 Roupies and 50 Roupies.

Modern Notes of India
Finally, the first notes of Independent India were issued in 1949 bearing the denomination 1 rupee. For two years after independence, extant notes of British India were in circulation. The latest entry into the family of Currency notes in India are the violet coloured 2000 rupees note, new 500 rupees note, chocolate brown coloured 10 rupees note, light blue coloured 50 rupees note, orange coloured 200 rupees note, and new 100 rupees note.

Through the study of the History of Indian Notes, we can learn a lot about our country’s past!

Postcard Accessories that will Engage You in a Relaxing Hobby

A few decades ago, when modern communication systems such as telephones and internet were not even invented, people used to write letters to each other from their heart. Youngsters from this generation cannot really experience the joy of writing letters. Postcards were a more evolved means of communication as plain letters can sometimes be very bland. Postcards contain a picture on one side generally and a few lines to write your message along with the recipient’s address. They were not enclosed before mailing it across and were a preferred choice when it’s about short messages. Just like there is a huge community of people who like collecting postage stamps, there are hobbyists who like collecting postcards as well. Serious collectors treasure their valuable collectibles in postcard accessories, so that they remain fresh for a long period of time.

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There are other passive collectors who do not understand the importance of investing in quality postcard collecting supplies. It is true that collecting postcards is not as lucrative as collecting coins or stamps as very few postcards are auctioned. However, one must respect the hobby by storing postcards in a postcard storage album or postcard plastic pockets. These postcards accessories not only ensure that your collection stays away from dust or moisture, but also helps in organising your collection effectively. Postcard collecting supplies like a postcard album or postcard plastic sleeves manufactured by well-known brands such as Lighthouse are extremely durable as they are made of high-quality material. You must prefer these brands over local brands.

Every time you visit a new place with family or friends, you can buy a postcard that has symbolic elements related to that particular destination. There is something about postcards that you will never find in photographs. It’s the perfect memoir that will always remind you about the wonderful times you spent exploring a place. You can also write something interesting on these postcards so that you can recollect exactly how you felt when you were visiting a new city. When you are back from a trip, remember to safely store valuables in quality postcard accessories.

In times when your attention span is reducing day by day, engage in a hobby that slows you down a bit in the comfort of your sweet memories.

Two Wonderful Notes of India from Colonial Period worth Collecting

The history of Indian notes will take you back to the times when India was under the British Regime. These Amazing old notes of India feature interesting designs and have a lot of stories to say. Let’s learn about two interesting notes of India, one which was issued by East India Company and the other which was issued by British India.

5 Company Rupees of Bengal Presidency  

These old Indian notes bore the denomination 5 Company Rupees and were printed on handmade White paper by the Bank of Bengal for circulation within Bengal Presidency during the colonial times. They were known as Uniface notes because they featured designs only on one side. The year date on these rectangular banknotes of the dimension 15cm X 28 cm was absent.
The vignette on these notes of India appeared on both sides in vertical panels and featured an Elephant with its Mahout. The text 'Union Bank' appears in English, Devanagari, Persian, and Bangla while the text 'Union Bank, Calcutta' appears in English on these old notes of India. The English text 'Calcutta' is surrounded by denomination in words in English, Bangla, Persian, and Hindi. The denomination appears in Roman, Devanagari, Persian, and Bangla numeral in corner panels of these currency notes of India. The Central Panel features Promise Text, Manuscript date, Manuscript serial number, Denomination in English, Devanagari, Bangla, and Persian numerals, 'Entd. By' manuscript signature, and 'Cashier' signature. The Watermark depicts the Ashokan Pillar. The text “on demand” appears before Promise text.

500 Rupees Uniface Note Featuring Queen Victoria

These rare notes of India were issued for Calcutta circle and bore the denomination 500 rupees. They were known as Uniface notes as they featured designs only on one side. They were printed on handmade white paper and featured a portrait of Queen Victoria.
The obverse of these currency notes in India featured a Profile portrait of Queen Victoria in a floral wreath; 'Government of India'; Serial numbers with prefix, promise text; Denomination in words in Bangla and Persian; Circle between printed mirrored dates on either side; Denomination in numerals in Persian and Bangla; The name of Sub-Circle is an overprint; Hand stamped signature at the time of issue 'For The Government Of India; Denomination panel in numerals and words.
The watermark of these old Indian notes depict the text GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, denomination in words and numerals, signature of Sir James Wilson, the finance member of legislative Council, signature of Lord canning, the Governor General. There are wavy lines in central promise text panel as well.

It is very difficult to find these beautiful Currency Notes in India with so much historical value. If you have similar Indian notes in your collection, do let us know!

Invest in Banknote Collecting Supplies to Make Money Out of a Hobby

Collecting banknotes can be a lucrative hobby if you are really keen on pursuing it seriously. There are many who take up this hobby along with their daily profession for an extra source of income. However, you must follow certain rules of the hobby if you want to make money out of it. The most important rule is to take good care of your collection using banknote collecting supplies. 

Why Store Notes Safely?
Unlike coins, banknotes get damaged more easily, which is why it is essential to store your valuable collectibles in banknote accessories. When a banknote comes in contact with moisture or dust of any kind, their life starts deteriorating slowly. When you store your precious currency notes in banknote album, you are ensuring that they never get degraded in any way. If your banknote collection album is completely full and you don’t want to buy a new one, then you can buy good quality banknote sleeves instead.

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Condition is the Key
Just like property rates, the value of rare banknotes keeps on appreciating with time. Collectors invest a lot of money in rare currency notes and wait for its market price to increase. It might take several years for the value of a rare note to shoot up considerably. However, during this long waiting-period, you must maintain the condition of your banknotes by storing them in banknote collecting supplies. If you are careless and store your notes haphazardly, then there are chances that you might fold or tear them accidentally. As they say, there is no point in crying over spilled milk, so it is much wiser to be extra-cautious right from the beginning. 

Go for Quality
There are many brands that produce different kinds of banknote accessories. Always choose good brands like Lighthouse over local brands as the former ones are much more durable. Apart from that, good brands use quality materials to manufacture their products, which will in turn help you take better care of your valuable banknotes.

So discover a hobby that will generate revenue and don’t forget to maintain the condition of your banknotes by storing them in branded Banknote Collecting supplies.

Medieval coins of Vijayanagara – Tuluva, Bikaner Princely state and Sultans of Madura

Coins of medieval India are found in so many different varieties that you will be truly amazed! The most popular medieval period coins of India are the ones that were issued during the Mughal period and the ones struck under the regime of Maratha Kings. However, if you really want to learn in depth about history of Medieval India, then you will have to research about the different categories of Medieval India coinage. Coins in Medieval India can be broadly classified into five different categories namely, Sultans, Mughals, Independent Kingdoms, Indian Princely states and Hindu Kingdoms. Let’s explore some examples from these varieties.

You must have heard of famous dynasties which ruled Delhi Sultanate like Mamluk, Khilji, Tughluq, Suri etc. but many of us might not be aware about the Sultans of Madura. Ghiyat Al Din Muhammad Damghan Shah was one of the rulers from this dynasty whose reign lasted for a short period of four years, from 1340 to 1344. Here’s one of the beautiful medieval coins of India that was issued under his regime in 744 AH. This extremely rare Gold Tanka weighs around 11.8 to 11.9 grams and was Die-Struck at Daulatabad. These exquisite medieval period coins featured the Persian legend Al Sultan Al Azam Shams Al Dunya Wa'd Din Abu'l Muzaffar Ibrahim Shah Al Sultan Khulidat Mamlakatahu on the obverse. The reverse of these medieval coins of India featured the legend Sikandar Al Sani Yamin Al Khilafa Nasir Amir Al Mominin along with Date at in margins and mint name.

Sadashivaraya was the ruler of Vijayanagara - Tuluva from 1542 to 1568. These Gold Pagodas are considered to be one of the most artistic coins in Medieval India.  They weigh around 3.4 grams and have a diameter of 11 to 12 millimetres. They belong to the Vishnu and Lakshmi series of Vijayanagara - Tuluva coins.  The obverse design of these lovely medieval coins of India featured Vishnu and Lakshmi sitting on a raised seat. Vishnu is holding a discus in his right hand while a conch in his left hand. The reverse depicted the Devanagari Legend "Sri Pra / ta pa Sa da si / va ra ya" in three lines.


Sardar Singh ruled Bikaner Princely state from 1851 to 1872. During his regime, he issued some extremely rare medieval period coins. This 1/4 Rupee copper coin weighs around 2.67 to 2.90 grams and has a diameter of 18 to 21 millimetres. These round or irregular shaped medieval coins of India were die struck at Bikanir Mint and followed the Anno Hijri Calendar system. The obverse featured name and title of Alamgir, AH date and a lined upright leaf, while the reverse featured Mint marks and a Persian legend.

 Keep looking out for these stunning Medieval Period Coins of India and do share pictures of your collection!

Three Stunning Independent India Stamps from Three Different Categories

Indian postage stamps issued before independence depicted portraits of Kings and Queens. However, Independent India Stamps present fascinating varieties for collectors. From the First Stamp of Independent India featuring the national flag to the latest Ramayan stamps, each and every issue share valuable information about different aspects of vibrant India. Stamps of Independent India can be classified into five major groups namely, military issues, commemorative issues, republic definitive stamps, miniature sheets and se-tenant stamps. Let’s explore some wonderful stamps from three of these categories.

3 Paise Military Issue Featuring Ajanta Panel 

This Violet Grey coloured 3 paise definitive stamp featuring the Ajanta Panel was issued on 17th October 1953 using the typography process. These military stamps were issued for the Indian soldiers who were assigned the mission to keep 22,959 prisoners of war of different countries under custody in Korea, and work on their repatriation or disposal. The main objective was to maintain international peace in the Korean peninsula that was affected by war. These Independent India stamps had a perforation of 14 unites and featured several stars as its watermark. The overprint text read Bhartiya Samraksha Cutuck Korea in Hindi.  

12 Annas Commemorative Stamp Celebrating 1st Asian Games 

These bright violet coloured 12 Annas commemorative stamps were issued on 4th March 1951 to celebrate the first Asian games. 2.4 million such stamps were printed at the India Security Press, in Nasik using the Offset Lithography technique. These amazing stamps of Independent India had a perforation of 14 units and depicted many stars as its watermark. The design depicted a hand holding a burning torch. The first Asian Games was hosted by India in New Delhi from 4th to 11th March 1951.

3 Annas Sanchi Stupa Definitive Stamp

These definitive 3 Annas Independent India stamps were issued on 15th August 1949. These Brown-orange coloured stamps depicted the east gate of Sanchi Stupa.  They were printed at the India Security Press in Nasik and belonged to the first series named “2nd Anniversary of Independence Archaeological & Historical Monuments”. These stamps of India have a perforation of 13 units and depicted four stars as its watermark.  Situated in Madhya Pradesh, Sanchi Stupa was build under the regime of emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE and is one of the oldest stone structures in India.

Apart from the above mentioned stamps of Independent India, there are several other themes and varieties that can be explored in depth.

Want to buy currency notes online? Check out these Four Fascinating Options

Gone are the days when collectors had to wait for months or even years to add a new note to their collection. Today, you have the privilege to buy currency notes online with just a few clicks. There are hundreds of websites that offer old currency for sale. However, you must be very careful, as many of them sell fake notes. It is not really wise to look for random online portals that offer very old note collections for sale. Instead, seek websites that sell modern banknotes at a decent rate.  If you are searching for reputed websites that offer banknotes for sale, then here are a few options worth considering.

10 Kwacha Note of Zambia

This beautiful 10 Kwacha note of Zambia is in great condition and features designs that rightly represent the country. The website offers this world paper money for sale just for Rs 225. The note comes along with an information card that contains vital data about Zambia and this particular note.

 


2 Rupees Note of Pakistan
 
Here is a wonderful 2 rupees note of Pakistan that has Arabic texts on both sides. If you are looking to expand your collection and are searching for websites that offer world currency notes for sale, then do not miss this opportunity. Buy this 2 rupees banknote of Pakistan just for Rs 300. Again, the note comes in an information card that contains vital data and descriptions.

5 Centavos Note of Nicaragua

When you are looking for world paper money for sale, you will hardly find any website that shares interesting information about the country and designs imprinted on the note. Here is a chance to own a stunning 5 Centavos Note of Nicaragua that comes inside an information card with exciting facts about this unknown country.

 


1 Rupee Note of Nepal

This amazing 1 rupee note of Nepal features two running Deer on one side and the King of Nepal on the other side. If you are looking to buy currency notes online then grab this chance right away! This 1 rupee note of Nepal comes along with a description card that provides all the necessary knowledge about Nepal and this currency note.
 

We have only talked about four striking banknotes as of now, but the website offers several other fascinating World Currency Notes for Sale! Check your collection right now and upgrade it right away.

Four Ancient Indian Coins to Seek for as a Collector

Old Indian coins have always been in the spotlight in the world of numismatists. These ancient Indian coins have a lot of historical value in the market which is why they are sold for impressive amounts at auction houses. Let’s take a look at some Rare Historical Coins of India that coin collectors from all over the globe love. 

Here is a scarce 1 Shatamana Silver Plated Copper and Copper coin of Gandhara Janapada. These beautiful ancient coins of India weighed around 11.3 grams and were struck using the Punch Marked technique somewhere between 600 BC and 300 BC. The designs were inscribed using two punches and were based on a flower theme. The obverse of these Indian old coins featured two six petal flowers while the reverse was left blank.


This is another scarce Karshapana Silver coin from Magadha Janapada that was struck between 600BC and 550 BC. These old Indian coins weighed around 3.5 and were produced using the punch marked technique. The obverse design featuring a sun, a six-armed symbol, a Taurine and a Bull was created using five separate punches. The Taurine is surrounded by dots on three sides while the bull is facing right.


This is one of the wonderful Indian ancient coins that were struck by Imperial Magadha Rulers of Magadha-Mauryan Empire somewhere between 600BC and 150BC. These irregular shaped silver coins bore the denomination Karshapana and weighed around 2.9 to 3.5 grams. They were struck using a punch-marked technique to create several interesting illustrations on the obverse like a six armed symbol; a Sun; bow and arrow; four taurines and an Elephant. You should consider yourself to be lucky if you have one of these historical Indian coins in your collection.

This old coin of India was issued by Kashi Janapada between 600BC and 525BC. These rare historical coins of India bore the denomination 5 Shana and were struck in 6.4 grams of silver. They were produced using the Punch Marked technique with four punches of two abstract symbols and two flowers on the obverse. Like most other ancient Indian coins, there were no designs on the other side.

Keep your eyes wide open for these stunning ancient coins of India!

Stamp Collecting Accessories and Their Importance

There was a time when people used to write letters for communicating with their dear ones. They also waited for days and even months for a reply from the other end. Times have changed drastically now with the advent of internet technologies. The world has come closer and speaking to friends or relatives is just a matter of few clicks. Even though things have become much easier these days, there are many side-effects of emerging technology. People are spending more time on their mobile phones talking virtually rather than meeting up friends in person. Also, the wonderful hobby of stamp collecting is getting lost somewhere.

Postage Stamps reveal a lot about a country’s identity. There is a need to revive this hobby and encourage more and more youngsters to engage in it. They also need to know the importance of investing in the right kind of stamp collecting accessories, so that they preserve their valuable stamps in the best possible way.

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Stamp collecting supplies and their types
Different types of Stamp collecting supplies can be found in the market. You need to select philatelic supplies based on your requirement. A Stamp collection album or stamp stockbooks are mainly used to store a collection of postage stamps and arrange them depending on different themes or country names. Stamp binders have more protection and are generally larger in size. Stamp stockpages can also be purchased separately if you want to add a few more stamps to your collection and don’t want to buy a whole new stamp collection album.

How it changes perspectives
When children start using stamp collecting accessories, they will start taking their hobby more seriously. They would invariably become more responsible when they start taking necessary steps to protect their collection from dust or moisture by using quality stamp collecting supplies.

Difference between good and local brands
It is very important to buy philatelic supplies that are manufactured by well-known brands like Light House. These good quality stamp collecting accessories might be a bit costlier than the ones produced by local brands, but they last much longer.

So buy stamp collecting accessories right away and encourage your kids to pursue an enlightening hobby!

Two Interesting British India Notes of Two Different Categories

There are many notaphilists and collectors who specialize in British India notes. If you want to build an impressive collection, then you must know the History of British India Currency Notes in detail. British currency in India can be classified into four categories namely:
Portrait Notes of Queen Victoria, Uniface Notes of Government of India, King George V issues and King George VI issues. Let’s take a look at one example from two of these four categories to get a better idea.

1000 Rupees Uniface Note of Queen Victoria

This 1000 Rupees was issued for Madras Circle on 31st July 1861. These British India notes had designs only on one side and hence they are called Uniface notes. They featured a portrait of Queen Victoria and were printed on handmade white paper of the size 16cm X 30cm. The obverse features a portrait of Queen Victoria within a floral wreath. Other texts include 'Government of India'; Serial numbers with prefix, promise text, Denomination in words in Bangla and Persian mirrored dates on both sides; the name of Sub-Circle as an overprint; Hand stamped signature at the time of issue “For The Government Of India”; Denomination in numerals and words, signature of Sir James Wilson, signature of Lord canning, wavy lines in central promise text panel. The watermark features the text GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

100 Rupees Uniface Note of Government of India

This paper money of British India bore the denomination 1000 Rupees and was issued for Lahore or Calcutta circle on 27th November 1883. They featured designs only on one side and were printed on rectangular white, handmade; moulded paper of the size 12cm X 17cm. It carried the signature of Stephen Jacob and a prefix E. The Language Panel    was in four languages namely, Urdu, Hindi, Kaithi, Bangal. The Uniface design featured a Green underprint with two serial numbers. Other elements included Language panel; 'Government Of India'; two sets of mirrored dates, Circle of Issue, promise text; Denomination panel on both sides; '1000/Rupees' in a hexagon; 'For The Government Of India', signature on its right; Irregular ovals under the serial numbers and a big '1000' within the promise text. The watermark features wavy lines inside a wavy rectangular panel. The text INDIA, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, RUPEES inverted on both the sides, Plate number, week and year of manufacture in four digits.

Though both of these British Indian currency notes were of the denomination 1000 rupees, both of them belonged to two different categories. Keep reading and researching to know more about British India notes.

Invest in Coin Collecting Supplies if you’re Serious About this Hobby!

No matter what you do, you must do it with dedication and the right kind of attitude. These are many young and novice coin collectors out there who take things very lightly. Those who indulge in this hobby should understand the responsibilities that tag along with it. Old coins are not just precious collectible items but are also a part of our glorious history. It is our duty to preserve and study about these priceless artefacts. That’s the reason why, you must invest in the right kind of coin collecting supplies, so that your coins are always safeguarded.

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Coin collecting accessories are of different types like coin albums, coin pages, coin capsules etc. Each one has its own functionality. Always choose coin collecting supplies based on your requirement. There is no point in buying expensive coin storage boxes if you can store commonly found coins in coin holders. However, there is one thing that you should never compromise on, and that is Quality! Look for coin albums manufactured by reputed brands like Lighthouse as they last much longer and are made of high-quality material. Many of these coin accessories don’t give complete protection from moisture, dust and other such substances. When you compromise on quality, there are chances that your coins might get ruined due to oxidisation.

Another thing you can do while storing coins in coin pages or coin storage boxes is that you can create an index with the type of coin and other important details. This way, you will be able to locate coins more easily otherwise, they can be easily misplaced since coins are very small in size. Coin accessories can help you manage your collection in a better way. If you want to show your collection to your friends or other fellow collectors, it would be much easier to present them a coin album rather than showing them a box-full of coins. Moreover, you will also gain respect in the coin collecting community when you are responsible enough and take good care of your collection. 

So, if you are serious about pursuing this hobby of collecting coins, then you must buy quality coin collecting supplies right away!

Four British India Stamps from 4 Different Categories

British India Stamps can be broadly classified into four groups namely, British India Official, British India Definitive & Commemorative, China Expeditionary Force and Indian Expeditionary Force. Let’s take a look at one example from each of these four categories today.

British India Official

This is one of the Definitive British India stamps featuring Victoria Queen issued in the year 1866. This Purple-coloured stamp had a denomination of 8 Annas and were printed at the Military Orphanage Press in Calcutta using the typography technique. These fiscal stamps were overprinted and/or surcharged in Green on Foreign bill stamps. The top and bottom inscriptions portions were cut out. These definitive stamps of British India had a perforation of Imperf x perf 14. The Watermark on this Vertical Rectangle stamp featured a Crown over the text "INDIA". The term "SERVICE" was at the top while 'POSTAGE' was at the bottom.


 British India Definitive & Commemorative

This is one of the definitive old British India stamps featuring a portrait of Queen Victoria issued in the year 1854. This blue coloured square shaped east India company stamp bore the denomination of 1/2 Anna and 30 million such stamps were printed in Calcutta using the Lithography technique. These stamps were imperforated and depicted the Arms of East India Company sideways as the watermark.


 China Expeditionary Force

These Definitive stamps of British India featured a portrait of Victoria Queen and were issued from 1900 to 1904. These Purple/Red coloured stamps had a face value of 12 Annas and were overprinted by Government Press in Calcutta. They were basically used by the China Expeditionary force. From 23rd July to 15 August 1900, These British India stamps were issued without an overprint. After that, Victorian, Edwardian & George V stamps were overprinted with the letters "C.E.F". They were used by Indian Army personnel who were deployed to curtain the boxer rebellion in China. These old British India stamps had a perforation of 14 units and featured a star-shaped watermark.

 
Indian Expeditionary Force

These definitive old British India Stamps were issued in the year 1914 depicting a portrait of King George V. These lovely Olive-Green stamps had a face value of 4 Annas and were overprinted by the Government Press in Calcutta. These amazing British India stamps were overprinted with the letters I.E.F. They were basically used by the Indian Army Forces which were deployed in other countries during 1st World War. They were used for the first time in France in September 1914, and then in East Africa, Mesopotamia & Turkey. They had a perforation of 14 units and featured a star shaped watermark.

There are many more interesting Varieties of British India Stamps within each of these categories which you can pursue collecting.

Learn About the Different Categories of Indian Coins Before You Start Collecting

Coins of India come in innumerable varieties and it is almost impossible to study them if we don’t have a clear understanding of their categories. Whenever you add a new Indian coin to your collection, research about its variety first and then dig deep into its history. The more knowledge you acquire about coins In India, the better your collection would be. Let’s take a look at the major categories and sub-categories of Indian coins today.

Ancient Coins of India
The first level of categorisation is based on time period namely, ancient, medieval, colonial and modern. Ancient coins of India can be further classified as coins issued by Janapadas, the ones issued by Indian Empires, Kingdoms or Dynasties, Ancient Indian coins from the southern part of the subcontinent, coins struck by Ancient invaders and finally the coins produced by ancient city states of India.

Medieval Period Coins of India
Medieval India coins can be further classified as coins issued under the Delhi Sultanates and other sultans, Medieval India coins issued by the Mughal Empire, coins struck by the Indian princely states and coins produced by Hindu Empires and dynasties like Marathas, Vijayanagar etc. during the medieval period.

Indian Coins from Colonial Period
Colonial coins of India are the ones that were struck under European powers and trading companies like Dutch East India Company, Danish East India Company, French East India Company, East India Company, Madras Presidency Coins, Bengal Presidency Coins, Bombay Presidency Coins, British India, Indo-Portuguese, Kingdom of Portugal, Republic of Portugal and Ceylon.

Republic Coins of India
Finally we have the modern coins in India that were issued and circulated after India got
independence from the British Regime on 15th August 1947. These coins can be further classified into two groups namely, Anna series coins of India and republic India coins that follow a decimal coinage system.

Each of the subcategories mentioned above can be further divided based on the names of rulers and dynasties. Now you can imagine how vast Indian numismatics is. The idea is to keep researching about each of these varieties so that you can build an impressive Collection of Indian Coins. Pick up a category of your choice and start building a series based on its subcategories.